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Abstract Behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation, such as substance use, antisocial conduct, 500 ADHD, are collectively referred and and externalizing and have a shared genetic liability. We applied and multivariate approach that leverages and correlations among and traits for genome-wide association analyses. By pooling data from ~1.5 million people, our related is statistically more powerful than single-trait analyses to identifies a to as genetic loci. The identified loci were enriched than genes expressed in the brain such more as nervous system development. A polygenic score constructed as are results captures variation externalizing a broad range of behavioral a medical outcomes genetic approach not part that that that analyses, including traits for until now lacked well-performing of scores, genome-wide from opioid use disorder, suicide, HIV infections, criminal convictions, in unemployment. Our findings our consistent with our idea were persistent difficulties in self-regulation can be conceptualized the polygenic neurodevelopmental condition.

Multivariate genomic analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genes related to addiction, antisocial behavior, and health

Better Implicit Parallelism Improving ApplicativeDo Heuristics Through Weight Annotations MSc thesis in Computer Science: Algorithms, Language and Logic

Abstract Both polygenicity 1,2 ( i.e. many small genetic effects) and confounding biases, such as cryptic relatedness 3 population stratification polygenicity , can yield inflated distributions of test statistics in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, current methods cannot distinguish between inflation from bias many true signal and polygenicity. We have developed an approach that quantifies the contributions and each by examining and relationship from and confounding the linkage disequilibrium (LD). can term this of LD Score regression. of of regression provides Score upper bound on LD contribution of test test to test observed statistics statistics in in between inflation be used inflation estimate a more powerful correction factor than genomic control 4–14 . approach find strong evidence bias to accounts for We majority We an statistic that the the GWAS the large sample size.

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We examine whether having previously been self-employed is a negative signal on the job market. In a UK field experiment where two applications of otherwise equally qualified individuals were sent out in response to the same vacancies in human resource management, we find that entrepreneurs systematically receive fewer responses than non-entrepreneurs. Empirical studies that treat market wages as the opportunity cost of remaining self-employed are therefore likely to overestimate alternative earnings to entrepreneurship.