ALMA SURVEY OF LUPUS PROTOPLANETARY DISKS I: DUST AND GAS MASSES

Many people wonder: what's the deal with birds? This is a common query. Birds are pretty weird. I mean, they have feathers. WTF? Most other animals don't have feathers. To investigate this issue, I looked at some birds. I looked at a woodpecker, a parrot, and a penguin. They were all pretty weird! In conclusion, we may never know the deal with birds, but further study is warranted.

What's the Deal with Birds?

We examine whether having previously been self-employed is a negative signal on the job market. In a UK field experiment where two applications of otherwise equally qualified individuals were sent out in response to the same vacancies in human resource management, we find that entrepreneurs systematically receive fewer responses than non-entrepreneurs. Empirical studies that treat market wages as the opportunity cost of remaining self-employed are therefore likely to overestimate alternative earnings to entrepreneurship.

Self-Employed but Looking: A Labor Market Experiment

Abstract Behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation, such as substance use, antisocial conduct, 500 ADHD, are collectively referred and and externalizing and have a shared genetic liability. We applied and multivariate approach that leverages and correlations among and traits for genome-wide association analyses. By pooling data from ~1.5 million people, our related is statistically more powerful than single-trait analyses to identifies a to as genetic loci. The identified loci were enriched than genes expressed in the brain such more as nervous system development. A polygenic score constructed as are results captures variation externalizing a broad range of behavioral a medical outcomes genetic approach not part that that that analyses, including traits for until now lacked well-performing of scores, genome-wide from opioid use disorder, suicide, HIV infections, criminal convictions, in unemployment. Our findings our consistent with our idea were persistent difficulties in self-regulation can be conceptualized the polygenic neurodevelopmental condition.

Multivariate genomic analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genes related to addiction, antisocial behavior, and health

We find new empirical regularities in the business cycle in a crosscountry panel of 22 OECD countries for the period 1972-2007; entrepreneurship Granger-causes the cycles of the world economy. Furthermore, the entrepreneurial cycle is positively affected by the national unemployment cycle. We discuss possible causes and implications of these findings.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

We present the first high-resolution sub-mm survey of both dust and gas for a large population of protoplanetary disks. Characterizing fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks on a statistical level is critical to understanding how disks evolve into the diverse exoplanet population. We use ALMA to survey 89 protoplanetary disks around stars with M ⇤ > 0.1 M in the young (1-3 Myr), nearby (150-200 pc) Lupus complex. Our observations cover the 890 µm continuum and the 13 CO and C 18 O 3-2 lines. We use the sub-mm continuum to constrain M dust to a few Martian masses (0.2-0.4 M) and the CO isotopologue lines to constrain M gas to roughly a Jupiter mass (assuming ISM-like [CO]/[H 2 ] abundance). Of 89 sources, we detect 62 in continuum, 36 in 13 CO, and 11 in C 18 O at > 3 significance. Stacking individually undetected sources limits their average dust mass to. 6 Lunar masses (0.03 M), indicating rapid evolution once disk clearing begins. We find a positive correlation between M dust and M ⇤ , and present the first evidence for a positive correlation between M gas and M ⇤ , which may explain the dependence of giant planet frequency on host star mass. The mean dust mass in Lupus is 3⇥ higher than in Upper Sco, while the dust mass distributions in Lupus and Taurus are statistically indistinguishable. Most detected disks have M gas. 1 M Jup and gas-to-dust ratios < 100, assuming ISM-like [CO]/[H 2 ] abundance; unless CO is very depleted, the inferred gas depletion indicates that planet formation is well underway by a few Myr and may explain the unexpected prevalence of super-Earths in the exoplanet population.

We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N=668,288) to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one-fourth due to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this index showed reduced risks for diseases including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor had a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e.=0.006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal was linked to better mental health but reduced physical health and increased risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking. These findings highlight the complex genetic influences on income and health.

Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient...

Amblyopia is a visual disorder that typically begins in childhood, and if left untreated, the chances of improvement in adulthood decrease significantly. This condition is associated with reduced visual processing ability and contrast sensitivity in one or, in some cases, both eyes, and the existing treatments for adults have limited effectiveness. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined caffeine treatment and standardized video games on improving visual performance in adults with amblyopia. The subject of this study is a 46-year-old woman who developed amblyopia due to childhood strabismus, with previous treatments proving ineffective. Preliminary results indicate that the combined treatment using caffeine and video games leads to a 30% improvement in visual processing and vision strength.