We examine whether having previously been self-employed is a negative signal on the job market. In a UK field experiment where two applications of otherwise equally qualified individuals were sent out in response to the same vacancies in human resource management, we find that entrepreneurs systematically receive fewer responses than non-entrepreneurs. Empirical studies that treat market wages as the opportunity cost of remaining self-employed are therefore likely to overestimate alternative earnings to entrepreneurship.

Self-Employed but Looking: A Labor Market Experiment

The BOLT-LMM software package computes statistics for association between phenotype and genotypes using a linear mixed model (LMM) [1]. By default, BOLT-LMM assumes a Bayesian mixture-of-normals prior for the random effect attributed to SNPs other than the one being tested. This model generalizes the standard "infinitesimal" mixed model used by existing mixed model association methods (e.g., EMMAX [2], FaST-LMM [3-6], GEMMA [7], GRAMMAR-Gamma [8], GCTA-LOCO [9]), providing an opportunity for increased power to detect associations while controlling false positives. Additionally, BOLT-LMM applies algorithmic advances to compute association statistics much faster than existing methods, both when using the Bayesian mixture model and when specialized to standard mixed model association.

BOLT-LMM v1.0 User Manual

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We present the first high-resolution sub-mm survey of both dust and gas for a large population of protoplanetary disks. Characterizing fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks on a statistical level is critical to understanding how disks evolve into the diverse exoplanet population. We use ALMA to survey 89 protoplanetary disks around stars with M ⇤ > 0.1 M in the young (1-3 Myr), nearby (150-200 pc) Lupus complex. Our observations cover the 890 µm continuum and the 13 CO and C 18 O 3-2 lines. We use the sub-mm continuum to constrain M dust to a few Martian masses (0.2-0.4 M) and the CO isotopologue lines to constrain M gas to roughly a Jupiter mass (assuming ISM-like [CO]/[H 2 ] abundance). Of 89 sources, we detect 62 in continuum, 36 in 13 CO, and 11 in C 18 O at > 3 significance. Stacking individually undetected sources limits their average dust mass to. 6 Lunar masses (0.03 M), indicating rapid evolution once disk clearing begins. We find a positive correlation between M dust and M ⇤ , and present the first evidence for a positive correlation between M gas and M ⇤ , which may explain the dependence of giant planet frequency on host star mass. The mean dust mass in Lupus is 3⇥ higher than in Upper Sco, while the dust mass distributions in Lupus and Taurus are statistically indistinguishable. Most detected disks have M gas. 1 M Jup and gas-to-dust ratios < 100, assuming ISM-like [CO]/[H 2 ] abundance; unless CO is very depleted, the inferred gas depletion indicates that planet formation is well underway by a few Myr and may explain the unexpected prevalence of super-Earths in the exoplanet population.

ALMA SURVEY OF LUPUS PROTOPLANETARY DISKS I: DUST AND GAS MASSES

"Function calls as citations" refers to the ability to compose a novel research object by re-using an existing component, such as code or data, from a prior research object stored in an immutable and verifiable way. This idea originates from Balaji Srinivasan, who recently issued it as a challenge to builders in the DeSci space. In this preliminary report, we answer this challenge with a proof of concept. We created two Research Objects stored on an Open State Repository, each containing code components. A new Research Object calls functions from the code components of another Research Object. Both Research Objects are stored on an Open State Repository, and interoperate using decentralized persistent identifiers.

Function Calls as Citations

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Function Calls ddfas Citations we dont need toxic cookies

This research paper serves as a placeholder to demonstrate formatting, structure, and referencing in academic writing. It explores fictitious advancements in the field of "quantum computational mythology" and highlights key theoretical insights into "entangled narrative spaces." This paper does not present real data but adheres to academic standards for layout and citation.